Delphi Pension
Plan Is Called Unfair to Nonunion Workers
Published: June 22, 2011 - New York Times
A Congressional panel is hearing testimony Wednesday that the Obama
administration created pension winners and pension losers when it led the
bankruptcy restructurings of the auto companies in 2009, despite federal rules
meant to weave a uniform safety net for retirees.
gIt is frightening to even think about allowing this precedent to stand,h
said Bruce Gump, a retiree of Delphi who lost part of his benefit when the
federal government took over Delphifs pension plan in bankruptcy. Delphi
retirees from the United Auto Workers and two other unions, by contrast, got
their full benefits, thanks to an unusual side agreement with General Motors,
which was honored even as G.M. restructured in bankruptcy that year.
gThe United States government chose winners and losers,h Mr. Gump added.
The hearing, by a subcommittee of the House Committee on Oversight and
Government Reform, comes at a time of mounting public frustration over pension
rules that cushion some retirees, while others see their benefits shredded. The
federal government offers limited pension insurance, but workers at some
companies — like contractors to the Department of Energy and N.A.S.A. — turn out
to have better pension coverage. Meanwhile, states and municipalities have
stayed out of the federal program, leaving their workers at the mercy of
increasingly hostile taxpayers.
The question of pension guarantees, and who pays for them, came up shortly
after General Motors went into Chapter 11 two years ago with financing from the
United States Treasury. Officials from the Obama administrationfs Auto Task
Force asked G.M. executives how they planned to handle the pensions of a second
company, Delphi.
Delphi, once a division of G.M., was still a major supplier in 2009, and was
bankrupt itself that summer after struggling to avoid liquidation.
gHave you guys begun a dialogue with the U.A.W. over your desire to see the
hourly plan terminated?h Matthew A. Feldman, of the Treasuryfs Auto Task Force ,
asked senior G.M. executives in a message referring to a pension plan at Delphi.
G.M. had a role because 10 years earlier, when it was spinning off Delphi, it
had promised the auto workersf union that if their pension fund ever went
belly-up at Delphi, they could come back to G.M. to be made whole, through
special payments called gtop-ups.h
The top-ups would cover the difference between the federal governmentfs
limited pension insurance and each retireefs full benefit. There is no precedent
for any company making such payments until G.M. did.
With G.M. itself bankrupt in 2009 and relying on billions of taxpayer dollars
to restructure, honoring the 10-year-old promise gcould get messy,h Mr. Feldman
warned.
He also expressed uncertainty about whether the Pension Benefit Guaranty
Corporation would permit it. (Pension-related e-mails between Auto Task Force
members and G.M. were provided to The New York Times by a person who requested
anonymity.)
The pension guaranty corporation, the federal agency that takes over company
pension funds in bankruptcy, is supposed to be self-sustaining, but it usually
operates with a deficit, and some predict it will one day need a taxpayer
bailout. Its officials are wary of companies offering pensions, then sticking
the government with the bills. During Delphifs bankruptcy the agency had been
trying to lay claim to some of Delphifs profitable offshore subsidiaries to
cover its cost in taking over Delphifs pension obligations, estimated at about
$6.2 billion.
If G.M. had enough money in bankruptcy to pay top-ups to Delphifs U.A.W.
retirees, then the pension agency could have demanded that G.M. cover some of
its costs.
Walter Borst, G.M.fs treasurer at the time, said in a message back to Mr.
Feldman of the Treasury that he did not see how the pension agency could throw
such a wrench into G.M.fs restructuring. gOur reading of the benefit guarantee
is clear, that itfs for the benefit of retirees, and not the P.B.G.C.,h he
wrote.
He proved correct. Delphi terminated all of its workersf pension plans, the
pension agencyfs provided its limited coverage, and G.M. began paying top-ups to
Delphifs retirees from the U.A.W. and two other unions, much to the anger of
nonunion retirees like Mr. Gump. They are receiving money only from the pension
agency and not G.M.
Many of them are now struggling, Mr. Gump said in his testimony, adding that
the nonunion retirees had also lost their health benefits and were in many cases
too young for Medicare,
yet too old to find new jobs.
The dispute may foreshadow a similar policy decision that Congress must make
in the coming months, over whether to appropriate money to N.A.S.A. to cover the
cost of a promise it made in 1996, to top up the pensions of its primary Space
Shuttle contractor, United Space Alliance of Houston, if its pension fund
ever terminated. Mr. Obamafs
budget proposal for fiscal 2012 asks Congress to appropriate about $550
million for that purpose.
The promise is coming due now because the space shuttle program is ending and
United Space Alliance will no longer have the revenue needed to cover the cost
of the plan. If N.A.S.A. fulfills its promise, the companyfs retirees will not
be subjected to the pension agencyfs insurance limits.